CODES & STANDARDS
ANSI – American National Standards Institute
ASME – American Society Of Mechanical Engineers
API – American Petroleum Institute
API STD 650 – Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage
API SPEC 5L – Specification for Line Pipe
ASTM A106 – Std Specs for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High Temp. Service
ASTM A333 – Std Specs for Seamless & Welded Steel Pipe for Low Temp. Service
ANSI/ASME B31.3 – Process Piping
ANSI/ASME B31.4 – Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons & other Liquids
ANSI/ASME B31.8 – Gas Transmission & Distribution Piping Systems
ASME B 16.5 – Pipe Flanges & Flanged Fittings
ASHRAE – American Society of Heating, Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Engineers
SMACNA – Sheet Metal Air Conditioning National Association
UPC – Uniform Plumbing Code
IMC – International Mechanical Code
IPC – International Plumbing Code
NFPA – national Fire Protection Association
SAUDI ARAMCO STANDARD
DESIGN INFORMATIONS REQUIRED BY MECHANICAL FOR A CERTAIN PROJECT
• Scope of Work – defines project requirements, procedures to be used, etc.
• Mechanical Layout, Isometric & Flow diagram
• List of Equipments, special equipment & materials of fabrication
• Specifications for Materials used in HVAC, Fire Protection, Utilities and Plumbing Systems
• Schedule of Completion dates (submittals)
• Controls to be adopted in completing the job (methods of working, etc.)
• Coordination with other Discipline
• Approved Vendor drawings
• Clients comments/Addendum (after any submittal)
• Hydraulic Calculations (Engineer / Fire Protection)
• HVAC Calculations (Engineer / Elite Software Program or Manual Calculations)
• Plumbing / Utilities Calculations (Elite or Manual Calculations)
COMPONENTS OF MECHANICAL SYSTEM
• Pipes, Ducts, Utilities, Mechanical Gas
• Fittings (elbows, reducers, branch connections, etc.)
• Flanges, gaskets & boltings
• Valves
• Pipe & duct supports
VALVES & MAIN FUNCTIONS
• Gate – On/Off block operation (Isolation)
o Types of gate valves – solid wedge, double disc parallel seats, single seat single disc, single-disc parallel seats, plug gate, double-disc wedge
• Globe – Most economic for throttling, provides tight shut-off
o Types of Globe valves – angle globe, regular-disc, plug-type disc, wye-body, composition-disc, double-disc
• Check (No-return flow) – Prevents reversal flow (backflow)
o Types of Check valves- swing, ball, lift, wafer, non-slam piston check or nozzle check valve, stop
• Ball – bothe regulating & on/off service
• Plug – on/off service
• Butterfly – High Performance butterfly valve for regulating & on/off service
• Needle – small valve use for flow control & dosing liquids & gases
• Squeeze Valve – well-suited to regulating the flow of difficult liquids, slurries & powders
• Pinch valve – see squeeze valve
• Foot Valve – to maintain a head of water on the suction side of the sump pump (basically a lift-check valve with a strainer integrated)
• Multiport valve – valve for switching flow, used on hydraulic & pneumatic control circuits & sometimes used directly in process piping (rotary ball or plug-type disc valves)
• Diverting Valve - valve for switching flow from a line into one of two outlets
(1) wye-pattern type with ahinged disc at the junction which closes one or two outlets that handle powders other solids
(2) switched by two pneumatic control lines which handles liquids only)
• Safety Valve – rapid-opening (popping action) f